Premenstrual Constipation: Hormones, Digestion, and Relief

Constipation is a common symptom in the days leading up to menstruation. Hormonal fluctuations – especially rising progesterone – play a major role by slowing gut motility. Progesterone, a muscle-relaxing hormone that peaks after ovulation, acts on intestinal smooth muscle receptors to relax and slow contractions. Scientific reviews note that progesterone increases nitric oxide in […]